HyperText Markup Language: FROM HTLM 5 TO APPs
HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. In computing, it's a standard format for documents circulating on the World Wide Web (WWW); it has been in use since 1989. HTML documents contain two types of information: the information displayed on the screen (text, images, etc.) and the codes (tags), transparent to the user, that indicate how that information should be displayed.
To create an HTML document, you simply need an ASCII code editor and to type the text and the necessary tags. You can also use dedicated editors that automatically insert the tags corresponding to the text format or images you insert; almost all modern word processors include this feature.
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< br>HTML is a subset of SGML (an acronym for Standard Generalized Markup Language), which is a device-independent page description standard, allowing the document's view to adapt to the screen size on which it is displayed.
In an HTML document, there are tags that specify text attributes (bold, centered, etc.). Others tell the system how to respond to user-generated events; for example, that after the user clicks on a movie icon, the program that plays the video should run. The most important tag is the one that indicates a link, which can point to another location within the same document or to the URL of another document. This latter document can reside on the same website as the current document or on any other computer on the World Wide Web. The user navigates from document to document by clicking on these links with the mouse.
As HTML has evolved, different versions of the language have been standardized. Each version expands the number of tags, enabling new possibilities for documents. For example, it has been equipped with tags for interactively filling out forms, allowing users to submit the information needed to query databases, make purchases, or request services.
Other tags improve document presentation, such as adding backgrounds, tables of contents, or flashing text. HTML 4.0 is used in conjunction with XML 1.0, another subset of SGML that allows developers to define their own tags. The result is a new format called XHTML, which is expected to become a new standard for web page formatting. Its main advantage is that it will allow the development of web pages with different datasets, which could be downloaded to handheld devices with small screens.
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